[1] Kontseptsiia vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii, https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/official_documents/1860586/[2] Dmitri Trenin, “Why Building a New Order Is Now Existential Issue for Russia,” Russia Today, February 3, 2023,https://www.rt.com/russia/570912-building-new-world-order/[3] For a perceptive discussion of the Russian
Sonderweg thesis, including in comparative perspective, see Mikhail Velizhev, Timur Atnashev, and Andrei Zorin,
‘Osoby put’: Ot ideologii k metodu (Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2019); Dmitri Travin,
‘Osoby put’ Rossii: Ot Dostoevskogo do Konchalovskogo (St. Petersburg: Izd. St. Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2018); Andrei Zaostrovtsev, ed.,
Rossiia 1917-2017: Evropeiskaia modernizatsiia ili ‘osoby put’ (St. Petersburg: Leont’evskii Tsentr, 2017); Emil Pain, ed.,
Ideologiia ‘osobogo puti’ v Rossii i Germanii: istoki, soderzhanie, posledstviia (Moscow: Tri kvadrata, 2010).
[4] A.S. Pushkin,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, 6 vols, ed. M.A. Tsiavlovskii (Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia literatura, 1938) 4: 432.
[5] F.I. Tyutchev,
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i pisem, 6 vols. (Moscow: IMLI, 2003) 2: 165
[6] Leonard Krieger,
Ranke: The Meaning of History (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977).
[7] Alexandre Koyré,
La philosophie et le problème national en Russie au début du XIXe siècle (Paris: Champion, 1929).
[8] Martin Malia,
Russia under Western Eyes: From the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin Mausoleum (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1999), 12.
[9] Georgii Adamovich, Kommentarii (St. Petersburg: Aleteia, 2000), 184-185.[10] Norbert Elias, Studien über die Deutschen (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1989), 368, 394, 401.[11] See Jürgen Kocka, “German History before Hitler: The Debate about the German Sonderweg,”
Journal of Contemporary History 23, no. 1(1988), 3-16; Stephen Kalberg, “The German Sonderweg De-Mystified: A Sociological Biography of a Nation,”
Theory, Culture & Society 9 (1992), 111-124; Peter Bergmann, “American Exceptionalism and German Sonderweg in Tandem,”
The International History Review 23, no. 3 (2001), 505-534.
[12] Richard Pipes, “Osoby put’ dlia Rossii: chto konkretno eto znachit?”
Vestnik Evropy, no. 1 (2001), https://magazines.gorky.media/vestnik/2001/1
[13] See excellent essays by B.A. Uspensky and M.L. Gasparov in the collection
Russkaia intelligentsiia i zapadny intellektualizm: istoriia i tipologiia, ed. B.A. Uspensky (Moscow: O.G.I., 1999).
[14] See Catherine Evtuhov and Steven Kotkin, eds.,
The Cultural Gradient: The Transmission of Ideas in Europe, 1789-1991 (New York; Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003).
[15] Pavel N. Miliukov, “Sotsiologicheskie osnovy russkogo istoricheskogo protsessa [1930],”
Rossiiskaia istoriia, no. 1 (2008), 160.
[16] Martin Malia,
Russia under Western Eyes, 440; Alexander Gerschenkron,
Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1962).
[17] Martin Malia, “Schiller and the Early Russian Left,”
Harvard Slavic Studies IV (1957), 169-200.
[18] Martin Malia,
The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917-1991 (New York: The Free Press, 1994), 55.
[19] Maria Todorova, “The Trap of Backwardness: Modernity, Temporality, and the Study of East European Nationalism,”
Slavic Review 64, no. 1 (2005): 140-164.
[20] Iver B. Neumann, “Russia’s Europe: Inferiority to Superiority,”
International Affairs 92, no. 6 (2016), 1397.
[21] Boris Mezhuyev, “‘Ostrov Rossiia’ i rossiiskaia politika identichnosti,”
Rossiia v global’noi politike, Spetsvypusk: Konservatizm vo vneshnei politike: XXI vek (May 2017), 108-109.
[22] Evgeniia Kulman, “Rossiia kak tsivilizatsiia tsivilizatsii: Krugly stol v preddverii XXXI Assamblei SVOP,”
Rossiia v global’noi politike, April 24, 2023, https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/czivilizacziya-czivilizaczij/
[23] Miliukov, “Sotsiologicheskie osnovy russkogo istoricheskogo protsessa,” 164.